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EV autonomous Driving spark energy resistance force ECU abs sensor control system automatic driving self driving Brake system Electronic control secondary coil primary coil ignition energy ignition spark traction force combustion equation hydrocarbon combustion internal combustion engine FUel economy Emission Energy Density Energy Efficiency Electrical Vehicle TCS Battery PCU back to local automotive industry Ukraine-Russia-war Control Unit Globalization optimal operation temperature Engine Coolant Temperature Temperature Sensor vehicle sensor actuator precise map navigation map decision perception continental ultra sonic sensor lidar radar automotive camera tire wear turning radius negative toe positive toe toe-out toe-in camber caster wheel alignment clutch pedal release fork clutch linkage crank shaft damping spring dual mass flywheel clutch disc flywheel clutch assembly torque control yaw sensor pressure modulation friction coefficient grip force stop distance slip ratio automotive Rendering Grip Center Differential Quattro wheel cylinder master cylinder brake performance brake fluid brake shoe brake pad brake drum caliper assembly 2wd DISC Theta engine cross over Hyundai pick-up santacruz actuators micro computer anlogue input digital input output circuit Input circuit output device input device elcetro magnetic interference Air-fuel ratio carburetor Venturi-Tube gasiline engine spark ignition mutual induction self induction electric induction spark plug air density lightening diesel engine gasoline engine performance curve diurnal vapors exhaust emission running loss hot soak vapors evaporative emission driving pattern aero dynamic drag save fuel TCO max traction max speed acceleration drag gradient resistance rolling resistance vehicle performance start-up torque drag coefficient speedometer maximum speed aerodynamic resistance drag force vehicle performace air fuel ratio optimal combustion gasoline vaporization calorific power carbon combustion noise muffler air cleaner valve system gas turbine exhaust system intake system Engine Evolution Energy Management System CDA Electric Vehicle Big-3 finalcial crisis automotive production by oem production by country automotive production market potential car per person automotive market VDC Battery Cost History of Battery Li-Ion NiMH Battery Technology TTW Electrical Motor vw PCB HYUNDAI NEW K5 map Clutch Toyota Bosch TCU NTC VVT VVL A/F Ratio GDI ptc ESC ford ass pb Engine Delphi ice KIA Samsung DC 4wd thunderbolt xDrive GM diesel Intel pc k5 google naver